قواعدِ فقہیہ اور حلال و حرام: “الأصل في الأشياء الإباحة” کا تطبیقی مطالعہ

Dr.Fazail Asrar Ahmed — 2026-01-15

This research article examines the fiqhī legal maxim “الأصل في الأشياء الإباحة” (“The original ruling regarding things is permissibility”) and its role in determining ḥalāl and ḥarām in Islamic law. The study begins by defining qawāʿid fiqhiyyah (legal maxims) and showing their importance as concise, general principles that organize many detailed rulings and guide juristic reasoning in new issues. It then explains the distinction between ʿibādāt (acts of worship) and muʿāmalāt (transactions and social dealings): in worship the basic rule is prohibition until there is proof of legislation, whereas in worldly matters the basic rule is permissibility unless there is proof of prohibition.

The article presents Qur’anic and Prophetic evidences supporting the principle of permissibility, and surveys how leading jurists in the four Sunni schools have adopted and applied this maxim. It further explores its practical use in classical and contemporary fields such as food and drink, financial transactions, medical treatments, technology, and digital tools. At the same time, the study clarifies the limits of the maxim through other legal principles, including the removal of harm. the pursuit of public interest, blocking the means to evil, and the higher objectives of Sharīʿah.

The conclusion stresses that this maxim is a powerful instrument for ijtihād and for dealing with emerging issues, but it must always operate under the authority of explicit texts and within the framework of Sharīʿah objectives, avoiding both excessive restriction and reckless permissiveness.

التطبيقات البلاغية في تفسير الزمخشري: دراسة في علم البديع

Dr.Habib Nawaz Khan — 2026-02-18

This study examines the rhetorical applications in Al-Zamakhshari’s Qur’anic exegesis (Al-Kashshāf) with a specific focus on the science of Al-Badī‘—the branch of Arabic rhetoric concerned with stylistic and aesthetic devices. Al-Kashshāf stands as one of the most influential works in rhetorical Qur’anic interpretation, demonstrating Al-Zamakhshari’s exceptional mastery of Arabic eloquence and his ability to use rhetorical principles to clarify the meanings and subtleties of the Qur’anic text.

The study adopts a descriptive–analytical method, collecting selected examples from Al-Kashshāf and analyzing them through the lens of classical rhetorical theory. It explores Al-Zamakhshari’s use of various Badī‘ devices such as antithesis, parallelism, paronomasia, saj‘ (rhymed prose), tawriya (double entendre), and stylistic shifts. Through these devices, Al-Zamakhshari reveals the aesthetic harmony, semantic precision, and rhythmic beauty inherent in the Qur’anic discourse.

The findings show that Al-Zamakhshari does not regard Badī‘ as mere decoration; rather, he employs it as an interpretive tool that illuminates semantic relationships, highlights textual coherence, and deepens the reader’s understanding of the Qur’anic message. His rhetorical analyses demonstrate a careful integration of form and meaning, showcasing the Qur’an’s artistic structure and communicative power.

The study concludes that Al-Zamakhshari’s rhetorical applications significantly enriched the field of Qur’anic exegesis and contributed to shaping later scholarship in Arabic rhetoric. It also recommends further research linking classical rhetorical analysis with modern linguistic and stylistic approaches to broaden the understanding of Qur’anic eloquence.

Journal of Islamic Civilization and Culture

قواعدِ فقہیہ اور حلال و حرام: “الأصل في الأشياء الإباحة” کا تطبیقی مطالعہ

التطبيقات البلاغية في تفسير الزمخشري: دراسة في علم البديع