Punjabi Language Perspectives: A Comprehensive Study on Marginalization and Advocacy in Pakistan

Abstract

The primary goal of this research is to shed light on the complex terrain of language perspectives and the factors that contribute to the marginalization of Punjabi in Pakistan, a language that is numerically prevalent. This study applied a mixed-methods approach. Used 30 semi-structured interviews, current national census data, and surveys like MICS6. Utilized frameworks of curricularizing language (Valdés, 2019) and racialized language (Rosa, 2019). The research critically investigated Punjabi marginalization and promotion in Pakistan using curricularizing and racializing language theories. Based on 2017–2020 MICS6 statistics, Punjabi is Pakistan's most spoken language since 49% of the population speaks it first. Punjabi dominates daily life but is marginalised in formal and public discourse, raising problems concerning Punjabi speakers' access, social engagement, and marginalization. After rising from 57.08% in 1951 to 38.78% in 2017, Punjabi speakers decreased, emphasizing the need to understand the numerous issues that influence language choices and social views. The poll found socio-economic inequality, language biases, and inadequate access to high-quality Punjabi-medium education. It revises language regulations, promotes Punjabi in education, media, and public places, and tackles socio-economic inequities to end Punjabi marginalization and increase Pakistan's linguistic variety. In addition, it highlighted the need to promote Punjabi in public places and media to counteract misconceptions and encourage ethnic pride. The study promotes infrastructure, digital language, and Punjabi education. To dispel prejudices and promote ethnic pride, it emphasizes the necessity of promoting Punjabi in public and in the media. Punjabi culture and language, which this research emphasizes as part of Pakistan's linguistic dynamics, might help create a more welcoming society.